Q9. The assembly of the Estates
General denied entry to which sections of French Society?
On what principle was voting
conducted in the Estates General?
What was the demand of third estate
members?
1.
Peasants, artisans and women were
denied entry to the assembly of the Estates General.
2.
Each Estate having one vote, was the
principle on which voting was conducted in the Estates General.
3.
Members of the third estate demanded
that voting now be conducted by the assembly as a whole, where each member
would have one vote.
4.
This was one of the democratic
principles put forward by philosophers like Rousseau in his book The Social
Contract.
5.
When the king rejected this
proposal, members of the third estate walked out of the assembly in protest.
Q10.When and where was the formation
for the National Assembly announced?
What was the main aim of the
National Assembly?
Name two important leaders of the
National Assembly .
1.
The National Assembly was announced
on June 20, 1789, in the hall of an indoor tennis court, in Versailles.
2.
National Assembly was the body
formed by the representatives of the Third Estate.
3.
The main aim of the National
Assembly was to limit the powers of the monarch and assign separate
institutions authority-legislature, executive and judicial.
4.
Mirabeau and Abbe Sieyes were two
important leaders of the National Assembly.
5.
Mirabeau was born in a noble family
but was convinced of the need to do away with a society of feudal privilege. He
brought out a journal and delivered powerful speeches to the crowds assembled
at Versailles.
6.
Abbé Sieyès, originally a priest,
wrote an influential pamphlet called ‘What is the Third Estate’?
Q11.What forced Louis XVI to accord
recognition to the National Assembly?
What was the important decree the
Assembly legislated?
1.
The power of the revolting subjects
made Louis XVI to accord recognition to the National Assembly.
2.
He accepted the principle that his
powers would from now on be checked by a constitution.
3.
On the night of 4 August 1789,
the Assembly legislated a decree abolishing the feudal system of obligations
and taxes.
4.
Members of the clergy too were
forced to give up their privileges.
5.
Tithes were abolished and lands
owned by the Church were confiscated.
Q12.What was the main objective of
the draft constitution of 1791?
1.
The National Assembly completed the
draft of the constitution in 1791.
2.
Its main objective was to limit the
powers of the monarch.
3.
These powers instead of being
concentrated in the hands of one person, were now separated and assigned to
different institutions – the legislature, executive and judiciary.
4.
This made France a constitutional
monarchy.
Q13.What provision was made by the
Constitution of 1791 for the election of the National Assembly?
1.
The Constitution of 1791 made
provision for indirect elections of the National Assembly.
2.
The Constitution vested the power to
make laws in the National Assembly, which was indirectly elected.
3.
That is, citizens voted for a group
of electors, who in turn chose the Assembly.
4.
Not all citizens had the right to
vote.
5.
Only men above 25 years of age who
paid taxes equal to at least 3 days of a labourer’s wage were given the status
of active citizens and they were entitled to vote.
6.
The remaining men and all women were
classed as passive citizens.
7.
To qualify as an elector and then as
a member of the Assembly, a man had to belong to the highest bracket of taxpayers.
Q14. List the rights mentioned in
the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.
What is meant by the term 'natural
and unalienable rights'?
The Constitution began with a
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. Rights such as:-
1.
The right to life,
2.
Freedom of speech,
3.
Freedom of opinion,
4.
Equality before law,
They were established as ‘natural
and inalienable’ rights, that is, they belonged to each human being by birth
and could not be taken away.
It was the duty of the state to
protect each citizen’s natural rights.
Q15.Name the song sung by the French
revolutionaries.Who composed it? What is the national anthem of France?
1.
The song sung by the French
revolutionaries was 'Marseillaise'.
2.
It was composed by the poet Roget de
L 'Isle.
3.
The 'Marseillaise' song sung by the
revolutionaries is the national anthem of France.
Q16. Which was the popular political
club of France.
Name the leader of the Jacobin Club.
Who were the members of the Jacobin
Club?
How did the Jacobins try to set
themselves apart in their attire from the more fashionable sections of French
society?
1.
Political clubs became an important
rallying point for people to discuss government policies and plan their own
forms of action.
2.
The most successful of these clubs
was that of the Jacobins, which got its name from the former convent of St
Jacob in Paris.
3.
Their leader was Maximilian
Robespierre.
4.
The members of the Jacobin club belonged
mainly to the less prosperous sections of society which included small shopkeepers, artisans such
as shoemakers, pastry cooks, watch-makers, printers, as well as servants and
daily-wage workers.
5.
The Jacobin's wore long striped
trousers similar to those worn by dock workers. This was to set themselves
apart from the fashionable sections of society, especially nobles, who wore
knee breeches.
6.
It was a way of proclaiming the end
of the power wielded by the wearers of knee breeches.
7.
These Jacobin's came to be known as
the sans-culottes, literally meaning ‘those without knee breeches’.
8.
Sans culottes men wore the red cap
that symbolized liberty.
9.
Women were not allowed to do so.
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New words
aristocracy - a government in which power is vested in a minority;
governing body or upper class usually made up of an hereditary nobility
assembly - a legislative body; the gathering of a political or social group
bourgeoisie - the middle class in a society
class - a group sharing the same economic or social status; social rank
courtiers - those in attendance at a royal court, often to entertain or bring concerns to a monarchy
despotism - a system of government in which the ruler has unlimited power
grandiose - impressive because of uncommon largeness, scope, effect or splendor
hierarchy - the classification of a group of people according to ability or to economic, social, or professional standing
incorruptible - not subject to decay or dissolution; incapable of being bribed or morally corrupted
ominous - having a menacing, alarming character foreshadowing evil or disaster
reason - the power of comprehending, inferring, or thinking especially in orderly rational ways
sans-coulettes - an extreme radical republican in France at the time of the Revolution
______________________________________________
assembly - a legislative body; the gathering of a political or social group
bourgeoisie - the middle class in a society
class - a group sharing the same economic or social status; social rank
courtiers - those in attendance at a royal court, often to entertain or bring concerns to a monarchy
despotism - a system of government in which the ruler has unlimited power
grandiose - impressive because of uncommon largeness, scope, effect or splendor
hierarchy - the classification of a group of people according to ability or to economic, social, or professional standing
incorruptible - not subject to decay or dissolution; incapable of being bribed or morally corrupted
ominous - having a menacing, alarming character foreshadowing evil or disaster
reason - the power of comprehending, inferring, or thinking especially in orderly rational ways
sans-coulettes - an extreme radical republican in France at the time of the Revolution
______________________________________________
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