MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCES CLASS X GEOGRAPHY

I. Very Short Type Questions –

Q1. Which Type of Coal is the best quality of Coal?

Ans: Anthracite

Q2. Name the metallic minerals?

Ans: iron, Gold, Silver, Copper.

Q3. Give two examples of Non-ferrous minerals.

Ans: Gold, Copper

Q4. What is the full form of CNG?

Ans: Compressed Natural Gas.

Q5. Write the name of two Conventional source of Energy.

And: Coal and Petroleum.

Q6. Khetri Mines in Rajasthan is famous for which mineral?

Ans: Copper.

Q7.Which place in India famous for Geo Thermal Energy ?

Ans:- Manikarn in Himachal Pradesh and puga valley in Ldakh .

Q.8. Kudremukh mines are famous for which mineral?

Ans:- Iron ore

Q.9  What are placer deposits?

Ans: -  Mineral that occur as alluvial deposit in sands of valley floor.

Q.10.  Name the two raw materials (elements) of atomic power energy?

Ans :-  Thorium and Uranium.

Q.11 How many percent minerals intake represents in our total intake of nutrients –

Ans:- 0.3

Q.12Magnetite is the finest iron or with a new higher content iron- up to –

Ans:- 70%

Q.13 State which is the largest producer of Manganese is –

Ans:- Orissa

Q.14 Which is the oldest oil producing state in India:

Ans:-Assam

Q.15 India now ranks as a super power in the world, that is:

Ans :- Wind Super Power

II.SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q1 .Discovery and use of iron brought a radical change in human life‖ prove it with three examples.

Ans: a) Revolution in agriculture-different type of tools invented like axe, hoe, plough etc.

b) Revolution in industry-different tools and machines like spinning.

c) Revolution in transportation- bullock-cart, ships, boats etc.

Q2.  Describe the various forms in which minerals occur.

Ans: a) In igneous and metamorphic rocks (cracks, crevice, faults or joints)

b) In beds or layers of sedimentary rocks due to deposition, accumulation and concentration.

c) Decomposition of surface rocks 

d) Alluvial deposits in sands of valleys and the base of hills as ― Placer Deposits

Q3.  Why mining activity is often called a ―Killer Industry. Give three reasons.

Ans: a) High risk involved

b) Due to poisonous fumes, mines are vulnerable to workers for pulmonary diseases.

c) Risk of collapsing mines roofs, and fires in coal mines.

d) Water sources get contaminated

Q4.  Give three reasons in the favour of use of Atomic energy‘.

Ans: a) Coal and natural oil are exhaustible.

b) Nuclear power plants are easy to handle

c) Most developed countries are utilizing this energy successfully

d) It can be useful in fields of medicines and agriculture

e) Hydel energy is not satisfactory due to environmental issues

Q5.  why does solar energy in Rajasthan have greater potential as non –conventional source of energy?

Ans: a) Hot and dry region

b) Clear sky almost whole year

c) Cheaper installation

d) Renewable and pollution free energy source.

e) Government motivation

III. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q.1 What are the Petroleum producing areas in India. Explain.

Ans . Most of the petroleum producing areas in India are associated with anticlines and faults traps in the rock formations of the tertiary age. In the region folding, anticlines or domes, it occurs where oil is trapped in the crest of the uphold. Petroleum is also found in fault traps between porous rocks.

Major petroleum producing areas of India are …

1) ASSAM- Digboi, Naharkatia, Moran-Hugrijan, Namdang region

2) GUJRAT- Ankeleshwar, Lunez, Navgan

3) MUMBAI HIGH

4) Godavari – Mahanadi basin

Q2: Distinguish between Natural Gas and Bio Gas.

Ans: NATURAL GAS

 1. It is a mixture of combustible gaseous hydrocarbons occurring in the rocks of earth crust.

2. This is commercial energy.

3. It is used as raw material in the petrochemicals.

4. It is transported from one place to another through pipeline.

5. Mostly used in urban areas.

 BIO GAS

1. It is derived by decomposition of waste of animals and plants with the help of microorganism in presence of water.

2. Non commercial energy

3. It is produced in tanks

4. It is found in rural areas

Q.3 What is Non - Conventional sources of energy? Discuss two sources of such types of energy.

Ans: Sources of energy which are renewable, eco-friendly and newer one are called non conventional sources of energy i.e. wind energy, geothermal energy, tidal energy etc.

1. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY:

Geothermal energy refers to the heat and electricity produced by using the heat from the interior of the earth. Where the geothermal gradient is high , high temperature is found at shallow depth . There are several hot springs in India which could be used to generate electricity. Two projects, one is MANIKARAN in Himachal and second in PUGA VALLEY in Ladakh has been set up in India to harness Geothermal energy.

2. TIDAL ENERGY:  Oceanic tides can be used to generate electricity .During high tides water flows into the inlet and get trapped when it is closed. After the fall of tide the water flows back to the sea via pipe lines that carry it through power generating turbines. In India gulf of Kutch provides ideal conditions for tidal energy.

Q4 India now ranks as a WIND SUPER POWER in the world. Why?

Ans: 1. India gets advantage of trade winds, western lies and monsoon winds.

2. Wind energy completely pollution free and non exhaustible that‘s why it becomes popular.

3. India has an ambitious program to install 250 wind driven turbines with total capacity of 45 mega watts spread over 12 suitable locations.

4. India‘s potential wind power generation is of 50000 megawatts of which ¼ can be easily harnessed.

5. Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu have favorable conditions for wind energy. Wind power plant at LAMBA in Gujarat, is the largest in Asia.

Q5. How can we conserve energy resources in India? Explain.

Ans : Following efforts can be made to conserve energy resource in India:

1. Using public transport instead of individual vehicles.

2. Switching of electricity when not in use.

3. Using power saving devices.

4. More and more use of non conventional source of energy as they are renewable and eco-friendly.

5. In automobiles electrical motors should be introduced.

6. Intensified exploration and research of new sources of energy.

THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALIZATION

SUMMARY OF THE TOPICS

Before the Industrial Revolution
The Coming Up of the Factory
The Pace of Industrial Change
Hand Labour and Steam Power
Life of the Workers
Industrialisation in the Colonies
What Happened to Weavers?
Manchester Comes to India
Factories Come Up
The Early Entrepreneurs
Where Did the Workers Come From?
The Peculiarities of Industrial Growth
Small-scale Industries Predominate
Market for Goods



Q.1:- The Industrial Revolution refer to ?
Ans:- Mass Production.

Q.2:- Who established the first Jute mill in India?
Ans:- Seth HukumChand.

Q.3:- What was Spinning Jenny?
Ans:- A Machine.

Q.4.:- Which was the first Asian Country to be industralised ?
Ans:- India.

Q.5:- From where from most Indian indentured workers came ?
Ans:- Eastern U.P.

Q.:6 - What were guilds?
Ans:- Traders

Q.7: - Explain the term Jobber ?
Ans:- Employed by industrialists to get new recruits

Q.8: - In which country the industrial revolution took place?
Ans:- Britain

Q.9: - Which Port town declined in the 18th century ?
Ans:= Surat

Q.10: - Who were the paid servants of the East India Company?
Ans:- Gomastha

Q.11: - Who devised the Spinning Jenny?
Ans:- James Hargreaves

Q.12: - When did the first cotton mill set up in India ?
Ans:- 1854

Q.13: - In which place in India, the first cotton mill was set up ?
Ans:- Bombay

Q.14: - What was the fly shuttle used for-
Ans:- Weaving

Q.15:- Who invented the steam engine-
Ans:- James Watt


Q.1: - What was the result of First World War on Indian industries?
Ans.:- First World War gave a great boost to the Indian Industries because of the
following reasons-
1. The British mills became busy with the production of War materials so all its exports to India virtually stopped.
2. Suddenly Indian mills got clearance to produce different articles for the home market.
3. The Indian factories were called upon to supply various war related material like- Jute bags, clothes for uniforms, tents and leather boots for the forces and so on.

Q.2: - Who was a jobber? Explain his functions.
Ans.:- Industrialists usually employed a jobber to get new recruits. Very often the
jobber was an old and trusted worker.
1. He got people from his village ensured them jobs, helped them settle in the city and provided them money in time of crisis.
2. Jobbers became persons with authority and power. He began demanding money and gifts for the favor he did and started controlling the lives of workers.

Q.3: - What were the problems of Indians weavers at the early 19th century?
Ans.:- 1. Shortage of raw material – as raw cotton exports from India increased the price of raw cotton shot
up. Weavers in India were starved of supplies and forced to buy raw cotton at higher prices.
2. Clashes with Gomasthas- the Gomasthas acted arrogantly and punished weavers for delays in
supply. So the weavers clashed with them.
3. System of Advances- The Britishers started the system of advances to regularizes the supply. The
weavers eagerly took the advances in a hope to earn more but they failed to do so. They even started
loosing small plots of land which they had earlier cultivated.

Q.4: - What does the picture indicate on the famous book ‗Dawn of the century‘?
Ans.:-1. There is an angle of progress, bearing the flag of the new century and is
gently perched on a wheel with wings symbolizing time.
2. The fight is taking into the future.
3. Floating about behind her are the sign of progress- Railway, Camera,
Machines, Printing press and factory.

Q.5: - Explain the main features of Proto – Industrialization?
Ans.:- Main features of Proto Industrialization-
1. Production was not based on factories.
2. Large scale home based production for international market.
3. Merchants move to country side and supplied money for artisans to
produced for international market.
4. It provided alternative source of income.
5. Income from pro-industrial production supplemented their shrinking
income from.
6. Helped in fuller use of their family labour resources.
7. Close relationship.

Q.6: - How did the British market expanded their goods in India?
Ans.:- 1. Advertisement of product – Advertisement make products appear desirable
and necessary. They try to shape the minds of people and create new needs.
During the industrial age, advertisements have played a major role in
expanding the market for products.
2. Putting labels on the cloths bundles – The labels was needed to make the
place of manufacture and the name of the company familiar to the buyer. When buyers saw ‗MADE IN MANCHESTER‘ written in bold on a label. They would feel confident about buying the cloths.
3. Images of Indian Gods gave approval to the goods being sold. Images of
Krishna and Saraswati was intended to make the manufacture from a
foreign land appear somewhat familiar to the Indian People.
4. Printing Calendars to popularizes their products unlike newspapers and
magazines, calendars were used even by people who could not read. They
were hung in the tea shops and in poor people‘s homes, just as much as in
offices and in middle class houses.

Q.7: - The Industrial Revolution was a mixed Blessing.‘ Explain?
Ans.:- Blessing of the Industrial Revolution –
1. Production by machines has met the growing need of the growing population of the world.
2. Only machines have made it possible for the mankind to meet the primary
necessities of food, cloths and shelter
3. Machines have relieved man of the drudgery of tiring and unpleasant jobs.
4. Machines have brought more leisure.
Harmful effects of Industrial Revolution-
1. The industrial Revolution shattered the rural life by turning the farmers into
landless labourers.
2. Rural unemployment forced the unemployed farmers to migrate to cities in
search of jobs
3. The cities became overcrowded and many problems of insanitation and
housing arose.
4. The industrial Revolution gave birth to imperialism

Q.8: - Why the system of advances proved harmful for the weavers?
Ans.:- 1. No chance of bargaining – The weavers lost any chance of bargaining.
2. Leasing of land – most of the weavers had to lease out the land and devote
all their time to weaving.
3. Dependency for food on others – most of the weavers after loosing their
land became dependent on other for the food supplies.
4. Clashes with Gomasthas – Gomasthas acted arrogantly, marched into
villages with police and punished weavers for delay in supply.