SUMMARY OF THE TOPICS
Before the Industrial Revolution
The Coming Up of the Factory
The Pace of Industrial Change
Hand Labour and Steam Power
Life of the Workers
Industrialisation in the Colonies
What Happened to Weavers?
Manchester Comes to India
Factories Come Up
The Early Entrepreneurs
Where Did the Workers Come From?
The Peculiarities of Industrial Growth
Small-scale Industries Predominate
Market for Goods
Q.1:- The Industrial Revolution refer to ?
Ans:- Mass Production.
Q.2:- Who established the first Jute mill in India?
Ans:- Seth HukumChand.
Q.3:- What was Spinning Jenny?
Ans:- A Machine.
Q.4.:- Which was the first Asian Country to be industralised ?
Ans:- India.
Q.5:- From where from most Indian indentured workers came ?
Ans:- Eastern U.P.
Q.:6 - What were guilds?
Ans:- Traders
Q.7: - Explain the term Jobber ?
Ans:- Employed by industrialists to get new recruits
Q.8: - In which country the industrial revolution took place?
Ans:- Britain
Q.9: - Which Port town declined in the 18th century ?
Ans:= Surat
Q.10: - Who were the paid servants of the East India Company?
Ans:- Gomastha
Q.11: - Who devised the Spinning Jenny?
Ans:- James Hargreaves
Q.12: - When did the first cotton mill set up in India ?
Ans:- 1854
Q.13: - In which place in India, the first cotton mill was set up ?
Ans:- Bombay
Q.14: - What was the fly shuttle used for-
Ans:- Weaving
Q.15:- Who invented the steam engine-
Ans:- James Watt
Q.1: - What was the result of First World War on Indian industries?
Ans.:- First World War gave a great boost to the Indian Industries because of the
following reasons-
1. The British mills became busy with the production of War materials so all its exports to India virtually stopped.
2. Suddenly Indian mills got clearance to produce different articles for the home market.
3. The Indian factories were called upon to supply various war related material like- Jute bags, clothes for uniforms, tents and leather boots for the forces and so on.
Q.2: - Who was a jobber? Explain his functions.
Ans.:- Industrialists usually employed a jobber to get new recruits. Very often the
jobber was an old and trusted worker.
1. He got people from his village ensured them jobs, helped them settle in the city and provided them money in time of crisis.
2. Jobbers became persons with authority and power. He began demanding money and gifts for the favor he did and started controlling the lives of workers.
Q.3: - What were the problems of Indians weavers at the early 19th century?
Ans.:- 1. Shortage of raw material – as raw cotton exports from India increased the price of raw cotton shot
up. Weavers in India were starved of supplies and forced to buy raw cotton at higher prices.
2. Clashes with Gomasthas- the Gomasthas acted arrogantly and punished weavers for delays in
supply. So the weavers clashed with them.
3. System of Advances- The Britishers started the system of advances to regularizes the supply. The
weavers eagerly took the advances in a hope to earn more but they failed to do so. They even started
loosing small plots of land which they had earlier cultivated.
Q.4: - What does the picture indicate on the famous book ‗Dawn of the century‘?
Ans.:-1. There is an angle of progress, bearing the flag of the new century and is
gently perched on a wheel with wings symbolizing time.
2. The fight is taking into the future.
3. Floating about behind her are the sign of progress- Railway, Camera,
Machines, Printing press and factory.
Q.5: - Explain the main features of Proto – Industrialization?
Ans.:- Main features of Proto Industrialization-
1. Production was not based on factories.
2. Large scale home based production for international market.
3. Merchants move to country side and supplied money for artisans to
produced for international market.
4. It provided alternative source of income.
5. Income from pro-industrial production supplemented their shrinking
income from.
6. Helped in fuller use of their family labour resources.
7. Close relationship.
Q.6: - How did the British market expanded their goods in India?
Ans.:- 1. Advertisement of product – Advertisement make products appear desirable
and necessary. They try to shape the minds of people and create new needs.
During the industrial age, advertisements have played a major role in
expanding the market for products.
2. Putting labels on the cloths bundles – The labels was needed to make the
place of manufacture and the name of the company familiar to the buyer. When buyers saw ‗MADE IN MANCHESTER‘ written in bold on a label. They would feel confident about buying the cloths.
3. Images of Indian Gods gave approval to the goods being sold. Images of
Krishna and Saraswati was intended to make the manufacture from a
foreign land appear somewhat familiar to the Indian People.
4. Printing Calendars to popularizes their products unlike newspapers and
magazines, calendars were used even by people who could not read. They
were hung in the tea shops and in poor people‘s homes, just as much as in
offices and in middle class houses.
Q.7: - The Industrial Revolution was a mixed Blessing.‘ Explain?
Ans.:- Blessing of the Industrial Revolution –
1. Production by machines has met the growing need of the growing population of the world.
2. Only machines have made it possible for the mankind to meet the primary
necessities of food, cloths and shelter
3. Machines have relieved man of the drudgery of tiring and unpleasant jobs.
4. Machines have brought more leisure.
Harmful effects of Industrial Revolution-
1. The industrial Revolution shattered the rural life by turning the farmers into
landless labourers.
2. Rural unemployment forced the unemployed farmers to migrate to cities in
search of jobs
3. The cities became overcrowded and many problems of insanitation and
housing arose.
4. The industrial Revolution gave birth to imperialism
Q.8: - Why the system of advances proved harmful for the weavers?
Ans.:- 1. No chance of bargaining – The weavers lost any chance of bargaining.
2. Leasing of land – most of the weavers had to lease out the land and devote
all their time to weaving.
3. Dependency for food on others – most of the weavers after loosing their
land became dependent on other for the food supplies.
4. Clashes with Gomasthas – Gomasthas acted arrogantly, marched into
villages with police and punished weavers for delay in supply.
Before the Industrial Revolution
The Coming Up of the Factory
The Pace of Industrial Change
Hand Labour and Steam Power
Life of the Workers
Industrialisation in the Colonies
What Happened to Weavers?
Manchester Comes to India
Factories Come Up
The Early Entrepreneurs
Where Did the Workers Come From?
The Peculiarities of Industrial Growth
Small-scale Industries Predominate
Market for Goods
Q.1:- The Industrial Revolution refer to ?
Ans:- Mass Production.
Q.2:- Who established the first Jute mill in India?
Ans:- Seth HukumChand.
Q.3:- What was Spinning Jenny?
Ans:- A Machine.
Q.4.:- Which was the first Asian Country to be industralised ?
Ans:- India.
Q.5:- From where from most Indian indentured workers came ?
Ans:- Eastern U.P.
Q.:6 - What were guilds?
Ans:- Traders
Q.7: - Explain the term Jobber ?
Ans:- Employed by industrialists to get new recruits
Q.8: - In which country the industrial revolution took place?
Ans:- Britain
Q.9: - Which Port town declined in the 18th century ?
Ans:= Surat
Q.10: - Who were the paid servants of the East India Company?
Ans:- Gomastha
Q.11: - Who devised the Spinning Jenny?
Ans:- James Hargreaves
Q.12: - When did the first cotton mill set up in India ?
Ans:- 1854
Q.13: - In which place in India, the first cotton mill was set up ?
Ans:- Bombay
Q.14: - What was the fly shuttle used for-
Ans:- Weaving
Q.15:- Who invented the steam engine-
Ans:- James Watt
Q.1: - What was the result of First World War on Indian industries?
Ans.:- First World War gave a great boost to the Indian Industries because of the
following reasons-
1. The British mills became busy with the production of War materials so all its exports to India virtually stopped.
2. Suddenly Indian mills got clearance to produce different articles for the home market.
3. The Indian factories were called upon to supply various war related material like- Jute bags, clothes for uniforms, tents and leather boots for the forces and so on.
Q.2: - Who was a jobber? Explain his functions.
Ans.:- Industrialists usually employed a jobber to get new recruits. Very often the
jobber was an old and trusted worker.
1. He got people from his village ensured them jobs, helped them settle in the city and provided them money in time of crisis.
2. Jobbers became persons with authority and power. He began demanding money and gifts for the favor he did and started controlling the lives of workers.
Q.3: - What were the problems of Indians weavers at the early 19th century?
Ans.:- 1. Shortage of raw material – as raw cotton exports from India increased the price of raw cotton shot
up. Weavers in India were starved of supplies and forced to buy raw cotton at higher prices.
2. Clashes with Gomasthas- the Gomasthas acted arrogantly and punished weavers for delays in
supply. So the weavers clashed with them.
3. System of Advances- The Britishers started the system of advances to regularizes the supply. The
weavers eagerly took the advances in a hope to earn more but they failed to do so. They even started
loosing small plots of land which they had earlier cultivated.
Q.4: - What does the picture indicate on the famous book ‗Dawn of the century‘?
Ans.:-1. There is an angle of progress, bearing the flag of the new century and is
gently perched on a wheel with wings symbolizing time.
2. The fight is taking into the future.
3. Floating about behind her are the sign of progress- Railway, Camera,
Machines, Printing press and factory.
Q.5: - Explain the main features of Proto – Industrialization?
Ans.:- Main features of Proto Industrialization-
1. Production was not based on factories.
2. Large scale home based production for international market.
3. Merchants move to country side and supplied money for artisans to
produced for international market.
4. It provided alternative source of income.
5. Income from pro-industrial production supplemented their shrinking
income from.
6. Helped in fuller use of their family labour resources.
7. Close relationship.
Q.6: - How did the British market expanded their goods in India?
Ans.:- 1. Advertisement of product – Advertisement make products appear desirable
and necessary. They try to shape the minds of people and create new needs.
During the industrial age, advertisements have played a major role in
expanding the market for products.
2. Putting labels on the cloths bundles – The labels was needed to make the
place of manufacture and the name of the company familiar to the buyer. When buyers saw ‗MADE IN MANCHESTER‘ written in bold on a label. They would feel confident about buying the cloths.
3. Images of Indian Gods gave approval to the goods being sold. Images of
Krishna and Saraswati was intended to make the manufacture from a
foreign land appear somewhat familiar to the Indian People.
4. Printing Calendars to popularizes their products unlike newspapers and
magazines, calendars were used even by people who could not read. They
were hung in the tea shops and in poor people‘s homes, just as much as in
offices and in middle class houses.
Q.7: - The Industrial Revolution was a mixed Blessing.‘ Explain?
Ans.:- Blessing of the Industrial Revolution –
1. Production by machines has met the growing need of the growing population of the world.
2. Only machines have made it possible for the mankind to meet the primary
necessities of food, cloths and shelter
3. Machines have relieved man of the drudgery of tiring and unpleasant jobs.
4. Machines have brought more leisure.
Harmful effects of Industrial Revolution-
1. The industrial Revolution shattered the rural life by turning the farmers into
landless labourers.
2. Rural unemployment forced the unemployed farmers to migrate to cities in
search of jobs
3. The cities became overcrowded and many problems of insanitation and
housing arose.
4. The industrial Revolution gave birth to imperialism
Q.8: - Why the system of advances proved harmful for the weavers?
Ans.:- 1. No chance of bargaining – The weavers lost any chance of bargaining.
2. Leasing of land – most of the weavers had to lease out the land and devote
all their time to weaving.
3. Dependency for food on others – most of the weavers after loosing their
land became dependent on other for the food supplies.
4. Clashes with Gomasthas – Gomasthas acted arrogantly, marched into
villages with police and punished weavers for delay in supply.
