Popular Struggles and Movements.................Part II

Q5. What does the term BAMCEF signify? Mention its two objectives.

1. The term BAMCEF  signifies Backward and Minorities Community Employees Federation 
2. It is an organisation  made up of government employees that campaigns against caste discrimination. 
3. It addresses the problems of its members who suffer discrimination.   
4. Its principal concern is with social justice and social equality for the entire society.

Q6. Mention the similarities between struggles of Nepal and Bolivia.

1. The similarities between struggles of Nepal and Bolivia are
2. Both these are instances of political conflict that led to popular struggles. 
3. In both cases the struggle involved mass mobilisation, Public demonstration of mass support 
4. Both struggles involved critical role of political organisations.

Q7. Write a short note on FEDCOR.

1. The protest against water privatisation in Bolivia was  led by an organisation called FEDECOR. 
2. This organisation comprised of local professionals,engineers and environmentalists. 
3. They were supported by a federation of farmers, the confederation of factory workers’ unions, middle class students from the the University of Cochabamba and the city’s growing population of homeless street children.
4. The organisation was supported by the Socialist Party. 
5. It organised a four day strike and demanded that the government to cancel the rights given to MNC.

Q8."Democracy evolves through the popular struggles." Explain.

Democracy evolves through popular struggles as

1. Democracy  involves conflict between those groups who have
   exercised power and those who aspire for a share in power. This happens when the country is going through transition to democracy, expansion of democracy or deepening of democracy.
2. Democracy also evolves through conflicts, through mass mobilisation.The conflict may be resolved by using the existing institutions like the parliament or the judiciary. 
3. But when there is a deep dispute and these institutions themselves get involved in the dispute then resolution has to come from outside, from the people.   
4. The public participation becomes effective with the help of organised politics. 
5. There can be many agencies of organised politics. These include political parties, pressure groups and movement groups.
6. Popular struggles in Nepal was supported by political parties and in Bolivia it was led by FEDCOR.