CLIMATE
Climate refers to the sum total of
weather conditions and variations over a large area for a long period of time.
It is the sum total of weather
conditions for larger area. Eg: for a country:
WEATHER:
It refers to state of atmosphere over an area at any point of time.
It is the total of weather conditions for limited area.
Eg: for a city
It refers to state of atmosphere over an area at any point of time.
It is the total of weather conditions for limited area.
Eg: for a city
The elements of weather and climate are
temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity and precipitation.
INDIAN CLIMATE
INDIAN CLIMATE
• The climate of India is monsoon type.
•Monsoon is derived from ‘mausim’which means season and it refers to the seasonal reversal in the wind direction during a year.
•In Asia, this type of climate is found mainly in south and south-east.
•Monsoon is derived from ‘mausim’which means season and it refers to the seasonal reversal in the wind direction during a year.
•In Asia, this type of climate is found mainly in south and south-east.
DIFFERENCES
IN INDIAN CLIMATE
In summer the temperature of Rajasthan is about 50’C but in Jammu & Kashmir it’s 20’c.
In winter at J&K the temperature is -45’C but in Thiruvanantapuram its 22’C.
While precipitation is in the form of snowfall in upper parts of Himalyas, it rains over the rest of country.
Most parts receive rainfall from June to July but some like Tamil Nadu receive it even in the season of October and November.
In summer the temperature of Rajasthan is about 50’C but in Jammu & Kashmir it’s 20’c.
In winter at J&K the temperature is -45’C but in Thiruvanantapuram its 22’C.
While precipitation is in the form of snowfall in upper parts of Himalyas, it rains over the rest of country.
Most parts receive rainfall from June to July but some like Tamil Nadu receive it even in the season of October and November.
CLIMATIC
CONTROLS
The major controls of climate are:
1. Latitude: Due to curvature the amount of solar energy received varies according to it.
The major controls of climate are:
1. Latitude: Due to curvature the amount of solar energy received varies according to it.
2.
Altitude: As we go higher there is a decrease in
temperature of 16’
3.
Pressure and Wind system: As per latitude and
altitude temperature and rainfall also influences the climate.
4.
Distance from sea: The sea exerts moderating
influence on climate, regions near sea experiences moderate climate.
5.
Ocean Currents: It leads continentality which means
very hot during summers and very cold during winters.
FACTORS AFFECTING INDIAN CLIMATE
1.Latitude:
Tropic of cancer almost divides the country in two
equal parts running from Rann of Kuchh to Mizoram.
The region lying in the south of tropic of cancer is tropical whereas the region in north is in sub tropical.
Therefore India receives both tropical as well as sub-tropical climate.
The region lying in the south of tropic of cancer is tropical whereas the region in north is in sub tropical.
Therefore India receives both tropical as well as sub-tropical climate.
2. Altitude:
India has mountains in north with average height of 6000m and coast line of about 30m.
The Himalayas act as a barrier to enter winds in India from Centeral Asia.
That’s why it experiences mild winters as compare to Centeral Asia.
India has mountains in north with average height of 6000m and coast line of about 30m.
The Himalayas act as a barrier to enter winds in India from Centeral Asia.
That’s why it experiences mild winters as compare to Centeral Asia.
3.PRESSURE
and WINDS
It is further devided in three parts.
•Pressure and surface winds
•Upper air circulation
•Western disturbances
Pressure and surface winds: India lies in the region of north-easterly winds which originate from northern hemispher and blow towards south but
deflected to right due to corollis force.These winds carry small silts that’s why don’t affect India’s rain.
4. Upper air circulation: Winds travel from a low pressure area to high pressure area. Air moves from Indian ocean to south-east direction crossing equator and turns right towards Indian subcontinent giving rain to it. The upper air circulation over warm oceans is called jet stream.
5.Western disturbances: During the time of winters in India cyclone formation takes place in ‘Mediterranean sea’whose winds are very powerful that after crossing Pakistan, Afghanistan they finally reach Jammu and Kashmir leads to rainfall in winters there.
The unifying influence of the monsoon on the Indian subcontinent is quite perceptible.
It is further devided in three parts.
•Pressure and surface winds
•Upper air circulation
•Western disturbances
Pressure and surface winds: India lies in the region of north-easterly winds which originate from northern hemispher and blow towards south but
deflected to right due to corollis force.These winds carry small silts that’s why don’t affect India’s rain.
4. Upper air circulation: Winds travel from a low pressure area to high pressure area. Air moves from Indian ocean to south-east direction crossing equator and turns right towards Indian subcontinent giving rain to it. The upper air circulation over warm oceans is called jet stream.
5.Western disturbances: During the time of winters in India cyclone formation takes place in ‘Mediterranean sea’whose winds are very powerful that after crossing Pakistan, Afghanistan they finally reach Jammu and Kashmir leads to rainfall in winters there.
The unifying influence of the monsoon on the Indian subcontinent is quite perceptible.
The seasonal alteration of the wind systems and the
associated weather conditions provide a rhythmic cycle of seasons.
Even the uncertainties of rain and uneven distribution are very much typical of the monsoon.
The Indian landscape, its animal and plant life, the people, including their festivities, revolve around this phenomenon.
Even the uncertainties of rain and uneven distribution are very much typical of the monsoon.
The Indian landscape, its animal and plant life, the people, including their festivities, revolve around this phenomenon.
Year after year, people of India from north to south
and from east to west, eagerly await the arrival of the monsoon.
These monsoon winds bind the whole country by providing water to set the agricultural activities in motion.
These monsoon winds bind the whole country by providing water to set the agricultural activities in motion.
The river valleys which carry this water also unite
as a single river valley unit.
Early in the season, the windward side of the Western Ghats receives very heavy rainfall, more than 250cm.
The Deccan Plateau and parts of Madhya Pradesh also receive some amount of rain in spite of lying in the rain shadow area.
The maximum rainfall of this season is received in the north-eastern part of the country.
Rainfall in the Ganga valley decreases from the east to the west.
Early in the season, the windward side of the Western Ghats receives very heavy rainfall, more than 250cm.
The Deccan Plateau and parts of Madhya Pradesh also receive some amount of rain in spite of lying in the rain shadow area.
The maximum rainfall of this season is received in the north-eastern part of the country.
Rainfall in the Ganga valley decreases from the east to the west.
Rajasthan and parts of Gujarat get scanty rainfall.
The breaks in the monsoon are related to the
movement of the monsoon tough.
The trough and its axis keep on moving northward or southward. When the axis of the monsoon trough lies over the plains and widespread rain occur in the Himalayan Rivers.
The trough and its axis keep on moving northward or southward. When the axis of the monsoon trough lies over the plains and widespread rain occur in the Himalayan Rivers.
Mawsynram in the southern ranges of the Khasi Hills
receives the highest average rainfall in the world.
Q.
Why is monsoon known for its “uncertainties”?
While it causes heavy floods in one part, it may be responsible for droughts in the other.
It is often irregular in its arrival and its retreat. Hence, it sometimes disturbs the farming schedule of millions of farmers all over the country.
During October-November, the monsoon trough or the low pressure trough over the northern plains becomes weaker. This is gradually replaced by a high-pressure system.
The south-east monsoon winds weaken and start withdrawing gradually. By the beginning of the October, the monsoon withdraws from the Northern Plains.
The months of October-November form a period of transition from hot rainy season to dry winter conditions. The retreat of the monsoon is marked by clear skies and rise in temperature.
While day temperatures are high, nights are cool and pleasant.
Owing to the conditions of high temperature and humidity, the weather becomes rather oppressive during the day.
While it causes heavy floods in one part, it may be responsible for droughts in the other.
It is often irregular in its arrival and its retreat. Hence, it sometimes disturbs the farming schedule of millions of farmers all over the country.
During October-November, the monsoon trough or the low pressure trough over the northern plains becomes weaker. This is gradually replaced by a high-pressure system.
The south-east monsoon winds weaken and start withdrawing gradually. By the beginning of the October, the monsoon withdraws from the Northern Plains.
The months of October-November form a period of transition from hot rainy season to dry winter conditions. The retreat of the monsoon is marked by clear skies and rise in temperature.
While day temperatures are high, nights are cool and pleasant.
Owing to the conditions of high temperature and humidity, the weather becomes rather oppressive during the day.
This
is known as “OCTOBER HEAT”.
The low-pressure conditions, over north-western India, get transferred to the Bay of Bengal by early November.
This shift is associated with the occurrence of cyclonic depressions, which originates over the Andaman Sea.
These cyclones generally cross the eastern coasts of India cause heavy and widesprad rain.
These tropical cyclones are often very destructive.
The thickly populated deltas of the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri are frequently struck by cyclones, which cause great damage to life and property.
The low-pressure conditions, over north-western India, get transferred to the Bay of Bengal by early November.
This shift is associated with the occurrence of cyclonic depressions, which originates over the Andaman Sea.
These cyclones generally cross the eastern coasts of India cause heavy and widesprad rain.
These tropical cyclones are often very destructive.
The thickly populated deltas of the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri are frequently struck by cyclones, which cause great damage to life and property.
THE
SEASONS
The monsoon type of climate is characterised by a distinct seasonal pattern.
The weather conditions greatly change from one season to the other.
The monsoon type of climate is characterised by a distinct seasonal pattern.
The weather conditions greatly change from one season to the other.
The coastal areas do not experience much variation
in temperature though there is variation in rainfall pattern.
Four main seasons can be identified in India-
the cold weather season,
hot weather season,
the advancing monsoon and
the retreating monsoon with some regional
variations.
THE COLD WEATHER SEASON (WINTER)
1. The cold weather season begins from mid- November in northern India and stays till February.
2. December and January are the coldest months in the northern part of India.
3. The temperature decreases from south to the north.
4. Days are warm and nights are cold.
5. Frost is common in the north and the higher slopes of Himalayas experience
snowfall.
6. The northeast trade winds blow from land to sea and hence, for most part of the
country, it is a dry season.
7. Some amount of rainfall occurs on the Tamil Nadu coast from these winds as,
here they blow from sea to land.
8. The weather is normally marked by clear sky, low temperatures and low humidity and feeble variable winds.
9. A characteristic feature of the cold weather season over the northern plains is a
the inflow of cyclonic disturbances from the west and the northwest.
10.They cause the much- needed winter rains over the plains and snowfall in the
mountains.
11.Total amount of winter rainfall locally known as ‘mahawat’ is small; they are of immense importance for the cultivation of ‘rabi’ crops.
12. The peninsular region does not have well- defined cold season.
THE HOT WEATHER SEASON (SUMMER)
1. From March to May, it is hot weather season in India.
2. The influence of shifting of the heat belt can be seen clearly from temperature
recordings taken during March- May at different latitudes.
3. In peninsular India, temperature remain lower due to the moderating influence of the oceans.
4. The summer months experience rising temperature and falling air pressure in the
northern part of the country.
5. Towards the end of May, an elongated low pressure area develops in the region
extending from the Thar Desert in the northwest to Patna and Chotanagpur plateau
and southeast.
6. The striking feature of the hot weather season is the ‘loo’. These are strong, gusty, hot, dry winds blowing during the day over the north and northwestern India.
7. Dust storms are very common during the month of May in northern India. These storms bring temporary relief as they lower the temperature and may bring light rain and cool breeze.
8. In West Bengal, these storms are known as ‘Kaal Baisakhi’.
9. Towards the close of the summer season, pre- monsoon showers are common
especially, in Kerala and Karnataka.
THE COLD WEATHER SEASON (WINTER)
1. The cold weather season begins from mid- November in northern India and stays till February.
2. December and January are the coldest months in the northern part of India.
3. The temperature decreases from south to the north.
4. Days are warm and nights are cold.
5. Frost is common in the north and the higher slopes of Himalayas experience
snowfall.
6. The northeast trade winds blow from land to sea and hence, for most part of the
country, it is a dry season.
7. Some amount of rainfall occurs on the Tamil Nadu coast from these winds as,
here they blow from sea to land.
8. The weather is normally marked by clear sky, low temperatures and low humidity and feeble variable winds.
9. A characteristic feature of the cold weather season over the northern plains is a
the inflow of cyclonic disturbances from the west and the northwest.
10.They cause the much- needed winter rains over the plains and snowfall in the
mountains.
11.Total amount of winter rainfall locally known as ‘mahawat’ is small; they are of immense importance for the cultivation of ‘rabi’ crops.
12. The peninsular region does not have well- defined cold season.
THE HOT WEATHER SEASON (SUMMER)
1. From March to May, it is hot weather season in India.
2. The influence of shifting of the heat belt can be seen clearly from temperature
recordings taken during March- May at different latitudes.
3. In peninsular India, temperature remain lower due to the moderating influence of the oceans.
4. The summer months experience rising temperature and falling air pressure in the
northern part of the country.
5. Towards the end of May, an elongated low pressure area develops in the region
extending from the Thar Desert in the northwest to Patna and Chotanagpur plateau
and southeast.
6. The striking feature of the hot weather season is the ‘loo’. These are strong, gusty, hot, dry winds blowing during the day over the north and northwestern India.
7. Dust storms are very common during the month of May in northern India. These storms bring temporary relief as they lower the temperature and may bring light rain and cool breeze.
8. In West Bengal, these storms are known as ‘Kaal Baisakhi’.
9. Towards the close of the summer season, pre- monsoon showers are common
especially, in Kerala and Karnataka.
DISTRIBUTION
OF RAINFALL
There are three types of rainfall :-
-Low rainfall (Less than 50 cm.)
- Average rainfall (Between 50 to 250 cm.)
- High rainfall (More than 250 cm.)
1. Parts of western coast and northern India receive over about 400 cm of rainfall
annually.
2. It is less than 60cm in western Rajasthan and adjoining parts of Gujarat, Haryana and Punjab.
3. Rainfall is equally low in the interior of Deccan plateau, and east of the Sahyadris.
4. The rest of the country receives moderate rainfall. Snowfall is restricted to the Himalayan region.
Because of the nature of monsoons, the annual rainfall is highly variable from year to year. Variability is high in the regions of low rainfall such as parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and leeward (rain shadow area) side of the Western Ghats. While the areas of high rainfall are responsible to be affected by the floods and the areas of low rainfall are drought- prone.
SOME IMPORTANT TERMS
1. Frost- A state in freezing, frozen dew.
There are three types of rainfall :-
-Low rainfall (Less than 50 cm.)
- Average rainfall (Between 50 to 250 cm.)
- High rainfall (More than 250 cm.)
1. Parts of western coast and northern India receive over about 400 cm of rainfall
annually.
2. It is less than 60cm in western Rajasthan and adjoining parts of Gujarat, Haryana and Punjab.
3. Rainfall is equally low in the interior of Deccan plateau, and east of the Sahyadris.
4. The rest of the country receives moderate rainfall. Snowfall is restricted to the Himalayan region.
Because of the nature of monsoons, the annual rainfall is highly variable from year to year. Variability is high in the regions of low rainfall such as parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and leeward (rain shadow area) side of the Western Ghats. While the areas of high rainfall are responsible to be affected by the floods and the areas of low rainfall are drought- prone.
SOME IMPORTANT TERMS
1. Frost- A state in freezing, frozen dew.
2. Loo- Strong, gusty, hot, dry winds blowing during the day over the north and northwestern India.
3. Mango showers- Pre-monsoon showers in Kerala and Karnataka help in ripening
of mangoes earlier, known as monsoon showers.
4. Trough- large vacuum in between of the Himalayas and the peninsular plateau,
the plains.
5. Leeward- Rain shadow area.
6. Climate: The sum total of weather conditions
and variations over a large area for a long period of time (more than thirty
years) is called climate.
7. Weather: The state of the atmosphere over an
area at any point of time is called weather.
8. Monsoon: This type of climate is mainly
found in the south and Southeast Asia. The climate of India is of monsoon type.
The seasonal reversal in wind direction during a year is called monsoon.
9. Coriolis Force: An apparent force caused by
the earth’s rotation is called Coriolis Force. The winds are deflected towards
right in the northern hemisphere and towards the left in the southern
hemisphere due to this force. This is also known as ‘Ferrel’s Law’.
10. Jet Stream: Fast flowing and narrow air
currents are called jet streams. The streams flow at high altitudes (about
12,000 feet) in the troposphere. Their speed varies from about 110 km/h in
summer to 184 km/h in winter.
Western
Cyclonic Disturbance:
The western cyclonic disturbances are weather
phenomena of the winter months brought in by the westerly flow from the
Mediterranean region.
They usually influence the weather of the north and
north-western regions of India.
Inter
Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ):
The Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ,) is a
broad trough of low pressure in equatorial latitudes.
The northeast and the southeast trade winds converge
in this zone.
This zone lies more or less parallel to the equator.
It moves
north or south with the apparent movement of the sun.
CLIMATIC
CONTROLS
There are six major controls of the climate of any
place. They are:
Latitude, Altitude, Pressure and wind system,
Distance from the sea, Ocean currents and Relief features
Factors
Affecting India’s Climate
Latitude: The
Indian landmass is equally divided by The Tropic of Cancer. Hence, half of
India has tropical climate and another half has subtropical climate.
Altitude: While
the average elevation in the coastal areas is about 30 metre, the average
elevation in the north is about 6,000 metre. The Himalayas prevent the cold
winds from Central Asia from entering the Indian subcontinent. Due to this, the
subcontinent gets comparatively milder winters as compared to Central Asia.
Pressure
and Winds: The Indian subcontinent lies in
the region of north-easterly winds. These winds originate from the subtropical
high-pressure belt of the northern hemisphere. After that, these winds blow
towards south. They get deflected to the right due to the Coriolis force and
then move towards the low pressure area near the equator.
The north-easterly winds originate and blow over the
land and hence they carry very little moisture. India should have been an arid
land because of these winds but that is not the case.
There is high-pressure area towards the north of the
Himalayas. Cold winds from this region blow to the low pressure areas over the
oceans in the south.
During summer, low-pressure area develops over
interior Asia and also over northwestern India. This results in a complete
reversal of the direction of winds during summer.
Air moves from the high-pressure area moves over the
southern Indian Ocean in a south-easterly direction. It crosses
the equator and turns right towards the low-pressure areas over the Indian
subcontinent.
These winds are known as the Southwest Monsoon wind. They collect moisture from the warm
oceans and bring widespread rainfall over the mainland of India.
The upper air circulation in this region is
dominated by a westerly flow. Jet stream is an important component of this
flow. These jet streams are called subtropical westerly jet streams because
they are located approximately over 27°-30° north latitude.
The westerly jet streams are responsible for western
cyclonic disturbances in the north and north-western parts of India. The
subtropical westerly jet stream moves north of the Himalayas with the apparent
movement of the sun.
The tropical jet stream (an easterly jet stream)
blows over the Indian Peninsula; approximately over 14° north during the summer
months.
NCERT
Solution
Q
1.Which one of the following places receives the highest rainfall in the world?
Silchar
Cherrapunji
Mawsynram
Guwahati
Ans: (c) Mawsynram
Q
2 . The wind blowing in the northern plains in summers is known as:
Kaal Baisakhi
Trade Winds
Loo
None of the above
Ans: (c) Loo
Q 3.
Which one of the following causes rainfall during winters in north-western part
of India.
Cyclonic depression
Western disturbances
Retreating monsoon
Southwest monsoon
Ans; (b) Western disturbances
Q
4 . Monsoon arrives in India approximately in:
Early May
Early June
Early July
Early August
Ans: (b) Early June
Q 5. Which one of the following characterizes the
cold weather season in India?
Warm days and warm nights
Warm days and cold nights
Cool days and cold nights
Cold days and warm nights
Ans: (c) Cool days and cold nights
Q
6 . What are the controls affecting the climate of India?
Ans: Latitude, Altitude and Pressure and Winds are
the main factors which affect the climate of India.
Q 7
.Why does India have a monsoon type of climate?
Answer: India comes in the Inter
Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). This fact; in association with various other
factors, like the El Nino, Jet Stream and Coriolois Force are the reasons for
monsoon type of climate in India.
Q 8.
Which part of India does experience the highest diurnal range of temperature
and why?
Ans: Northwestern part of India
experiences the highest diurnal range of temperature. This happens because of
the presence of the Thar Desert and also because this region does not have the
moderating influence of the ocean.
Q
9. Which winds account for rainfall along the Malabar Coast?
Ans: Monsoon winds
Q10
.What are Jet streams and how do they affect the climate of India?
Answer: Fast flowing and narrow air
currents are called jet streams.
The streams flow at high altitudes
(about 12,000 feet) in the troposphere.
The westerly jet streams are responsible
for western cyclonic disturbances in the north and north-western parts of
India.
The subtropical westerly jet stream
moves north of the Himalayas with the apparent movement of the sun.
The tropical jet stream (an easterly jet
stream) blows over the Indian Peninsula; approximately over 14° north during
the summer months.
Q11.
Define monsoons. What do you understand by “break” in monsoon?
Ans: The seasonal reversal in wind direction during
a year is called monsoon. Monsoon tends to have ‘breaks’ in rainfall; which
means that there are wet and dry spells in between. The monsoon rains take
place only for a few days at a time and then come the rainless intervals.
Q12
.Why is the monsoon considered a unifying bond?
Answer: Although there are wide variations in
weather patterns across India, the monsoon brings some unifying influences on
India. The Indian landscape, its flora and fauna, etc. are highly influenced by
the monsoon. The entire agricultural calendar in India is governed by the
monsoon. Most of the festivals in India are related to agricultural cycle.
These festivals may be known by different names in different parts of the
country, but their celebration is decided by the monsoon. It is also said that
the river valleys which carry the rainwater also unite as a single river valley
unit. Due to these reasons, monsoon is often a great unifying factor in India.
Q
13.Why does the rainfall decrease from the east to the west in Northern India?
Ans: The Bay of Bengal branch of the monsoon winds
moves towards northeast and return westwards covering the northern plains.
While they move towards west, their moisture
contains tends to reduce with subsequent rains.
Hence the rainfall decreases from east to west in
northern India.
Q14.Give
reasons as to why
(a)Seasonal
reversal of wind direction takes place over the Indian subcontinent?
Ans: Seasonal reversal of wind direction over the
Indian subcontinent takes place due to pressure differential. El Nino has major
role to play in the seasonal reversal of wind direction over the Indian
subcontinent.
(b)The
bulk of rainfall in India is concentrated over a few months.
Ans: The monsoon begins from the first week of June
and advances quite rapidly to cover almost the whole country by mid-July.
Hence, the bulk of rainfall in India is concentrated over the months of a few
months; mainly June to August.
(c)The
Tamil Nadu coast receives winter rainfall.
Ans: The Tami Nadu coast receives winter rainfall
because of movement of low-pressure conditions to the Bay of Bengal.
(d)The
delta region of the eastern coast is frequently struck by cyclones.
Ans: The Bay of Bengal is the centre of various
pressure changes and hence there is always a chance of development of cyclone.
Due to this, the delta region of the eastern coast is frequently struck by
cyclones.
(e)
Parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the leeward side of the Western Ghats are
drought-prone.
Ans: The parts fall in the rain shadow area of the
Aravalli. Hence, they are drought prone.
Q15.
Describe the regional variations in the climatic conditions of India with the
help of suitable examples.
Ans: Indian Peninsular shows wide variations in
climatic conditions across various regions. For example; during winter season,
the temperature goes into negative in the Himalayan region.
In the northwestern India, temperatures can range
between zero degree to 15°C during winter.
During the same season, the temperature in Chennai
remains a comfortable 25°C. The same variation can be seen in summer as well,
while the temperature in Rajasthan can hover around 47°C, it is a comfortable
30°C in Chennai.
Q 16.
Discuss the mechanism of monsoons.
Ans: The low-pressure condition over the northern
plains intensifies by the beginning of June.
It attracts the trade winds from the southern
hemisphere.
These
south-east trade winds cross the equator and blow in a south-westerly direction
to enter the Indian peninsula as the south-west monsoon.
These winds bring abundant moisture to the
subcontinent.
Q17.
Give an account of weather conditions and characteristics of the cold season.
Ans: The temperature ranges between 10°-15°C in the
northern plains.
The weather is usually marked by clear sky, low
temperatures and low humidity and feeble variable winds.
The inflow of the cyclonic disturbances from the
west and the northwest is a characteristic feature of the cold weather over the
northern plains.
These low-pressure systems originate over the
Mediterranean Sea and Western Asia and move into India. They cause winter rains
over the plains and snowfall in the mountains.
Q
18. Give the characteristics and effects of the monsoon rainfall in India.
Ans: Monsoon tends to have ‘breaks’ in rainfall;
which means that there are wet and dry spells in between. The monsoon is famous
for its uncertainties. It may cause heavy floods in one part of the country,
and may be responsible for droughts in other part. Because of its uncertain
behaviour, it sometimes disturbs the farming schedule in India. This affects
millions of farmers all over the country.